🔘 VAISHESHIKA DARSHANA

 

VAISHESHIKA DARSHANA:-

👉🏻 Introduction:-

- It is one among the Astika Darshana, propounded by Maharshi Kanada, is also known as Aulukya Darshana, Samana Tantra, Samana

Nyaya, Kalpa Nyaya.

- He highlighted the description of "Vishesha" of Shat Padartha (Six positive substances) hence named as "Vaisheshika Darshana".

- He used to collect and eat Āhāra-kana (food particles), hence named as "Kanada".

- He used to beg at nights like an owl and also blessed by the Lord Shiva in the form of owl, hence it is named as" Aulukya Darshana".

👉🏻 Chapters and Sutras:-

• It contains 370 sutras in 10 chapters they are as follows:-

- 1st Chapter about Dravya, Guna, Karma and Samavaya

- 2nd & 3rd Chapter about Nava d-avya

- 4th Chapter about Paramanu Vada

- 5th Chapter about Karma

- 6th Chapter about Veda-pramanya, Dharma, Adharma

- 7th & 8th Chapter about Guna

- 9th Chapter about Abhava

- 10th Chapter about Sukha, Duhkha, Trividha Karana.

👉🏻 Description:-

- He explained Shat bhava padartha, they are Dravya, Guna, Karma, Samanya, Vishesha & Samavaya. (The commentators added Abhava as 7th Padartha?). Dravya, Guna & Karma are known as Ashraya and Samanya,Visesha & Samavaya are Ashrayi.

- Prashastapada wrote Bhashya on Vaisheshika Darshana, it is known as Padartha-Dharma-Sangraha.

- Described Nava Karana Dravya, the basic elements to cause the creation, they are Pancha mahabhuta, Atma, Manas, Kala and Dik.

- Described Triguna, the Sattva, Rajas and Tamas,

Believed the theory of Arambhawada.

- He explained in detail the theory of Paramanuvada (Pilupakavada) by which the structural and functional units of body can be assessed.

i.e.

1. Minute invisible part is Paramanu

2. Paramanu form Dwyanuka

3. Dwyanuka form Trasarenu and so on

- Explained and accepted 2 Pramana;-

1) Pratyaksha (perception) 

2) Anumana (inference)

- Shabda and Upamana Pramana considered under Anjumana Pramana only.

- Moksha is termed as Nihshreyas

- Atma is considered as Nitya, Aneka and Manas as Anu.

- For the Karya or creation, the Paramanu are Samavayi Karana, it's Guna and Karma are Asamavayi Karana, Adrishta is Nimitta Karana and

Dharma-Adharma are Sadharan Karana.

👉🏻 Moksha-Prapti:-

- A Person has to finish his Karma-phala even by taking rebirth then only he will attain salvation or moksha.

- 5 types of Karma are explained, they are:-

1) Utkshepana (elevation or abduction)

2) Apakshepan (depression or adduction)

3) Akunchan (flexion)

4) Prasaran (extention)

5) Gamana (locomotion)

- He says that Mithya-jnana, Raga-dwesha (occur due to Dharma-Adharma) leads to Duhkha and Tattwa-jnana removes the Duhkha (different miseries)

- He explained 17+7=24 Gunas (17 original and 7 added by commentators) known as Vaisheshika Guna.

👉🏻 Description of Vaisheshika Gunas (24):-

1) Rupa:-

- Received by Chakshurindriya, 7 types, they are:- Shukla-Nila-Rakta-Pita-Harita-Kapila-Chitra

2) Rasa:-

- Received by Rasanendriya, 6 types, they are:-

Madura-Amla-Lavana-Katu-Tikta-Kashaya.

3) Gandha:-

- Received by Ghranendriya, 2 types, they are:-

Surabhi and Asurathi.

4) Sparsha:-

- Received by Sparshanendriya, 2 types, they are:-

Sheeta and Ushna.

5) Shabda:-

- Received by Shrotrendriya, 2 types, they are:- 

Dwanyatmaka and Varnyatmaka.

6) Sankhya:-

- Calculations, its starts from one to many.

7) Parimana:-

- Measurements, 4 types, they are -:- Anu, Mahat, Hraswa and Dirgha.

8) Prithaktwa:-

- Distinguishing factcr, 2 types, they are:-

Eka vritti and Eneka vritti.

9) Samyoga:-

- Combinations, 2 types, they are:- Karmaja and Samyogaja.

10) Vibhaga:-

- Seperation of combination, 2 types, the are:- Karmaja and Samyogaja.

11) Paratwa:-

- Pradhanatwam, 2 types:- Dik-krita and Kala-krita.

12) Aparatwa:-

- Apradhanatwam (Lass important in many)

13) Guru:-

- Heaviness or Bulkiress due to Prithvi and Jala predominance.

14) Drava:-

- Liquidity, 2 types, Sausiddhika (Water) and Naimittika (Ghee-Rajata-Swarna).

15) Sneha:- 

- Oleusness, present is Ghrita, Taila, Vasa, Majja etc.

16) Buddhi:-

- Means Jnana, 2 types, Smriti and Anubhava.

17) Sukha:-

- 'Anukula-vedaniyanı sukham', means the comfortess.

18) Dukha:-

- 'Pratikūla-vedaniyam duhkham', means discomfortness.

19) Iccha:-

- Wish or desire, 2 types, Phala-vyapini and Phalasadhakvyapini.

20) Dwesha:-

- Rejecting or disliking angrily or jealously, 2 types:-

Dukha-upaya-vishayaka and Tat-sadhana-vishayaka.

21) Prayatna:-

- An attmpt to do, 3 types:- Pravritti, Nivritti and Jivanyon.

22) Dharma:-

-  Performing Veda-vihita Karma to attain Swarga.

23) Adharma:-

- Performing Veda-nishiddha karma leads to atttain

Naraka.

24) Samskara:-

-  It is peculiar quality of things which potentiates the quality of other things, 3 types, Vega, Bhavan and Sthitstapakata.

👉🏻 Summary of the Principles of Vaisheshika Darshana:-

- Type:- Astika

- Puraka Darshana:- Nyaya Darshana

- Karta:- Maharshi Kanada

- Main text:- Vaisheshika Sutra

- Chapters:- 10

- Sutras:- 370

- Padharthas:- 6 Padarthas (Dravya, Guna, Karma, Samanya, Vishesha & Samavaya)

- Pramanas:- Pratyaksha & Anumana

- Siddhanta & Vada:- Paramanu-vada, Pilupaka-vada & Arambha-vada

- Commentator:- Prashasta pada

- Importance given to:- Shat Padartha varnana

- Prayojana:- Moksha-prapti

👉🏻 Similarities of Vaisheshika Darshana and Ayurveda:-

• There is a major contribution of Vaisheshika Darshan to Ayurveda:-

- Vishesha Tattva have a great role in Ayurveda, it is implemented to reduce the aggravated factors by selecting the opposite principles.

- Accepted Shat Padartha but the sequence is Samanya, Visesha, Guna, Dravya, Karma and Samavaya.

- In the cause of creation there is similarity, both believe that the creation is created from Mula Prakriti or Avyakta and controlled by Parabrahma

- Paramanu-vada of Vaisheshika helped Ayurved to distinguish the objects or drugs like in Ahara-parinama, Dhatu-parinama etc.

- Both accepted the theory of Nava Karana dravyas

- Among Vaisheshika 24 gunas Ayurveda accepted only 22 guna (except Dharma-Adharma)

- Similarity in the theory of Nityatwa of Atma and Anutwa of Manas

- Both accepted the theory of Pancha-vidha Karma.

- Both accepted theories of Duḥkha-karana, Tattwa-jnana, Karmaphala, Punarjanma and Moksha

- Both accepted the Pilupaka-vada.

• Note : : 90% of both the theories are similar

👉🏻 Dissimilarities:-

- Commentators accepted Abhava as 7th padartha according to vaisheshika, but ayurveda not accepted abhava as a padartha.

- In vaisheshika there is Atma Anekatwa while ayurveda not accepted it.

- Vaisheshika explained 24 gunas while ayurveda explained 41.

-  Sequence of Padartha is  Samanya, Dravya, Guna, Karma, Samanya, vishesha and samavaya according to vaisheshika, while in ayurveda sequence is  Samanya, Vishesha, Guna,  Dravya, Karma, samavaya.

- Vaisheshika explained only 2 pramanas while ayurveda explaining 4 pramanas.