*NAVAJATA SHISHU PARICHARYA:-*
👉 INTRODUCTION:-
- In navajata shishu paricharya context, the three terms usually mentioned
1.Jatamatra shishu paricharya
2.Sadyojata shishu paricharya
3.Navajata shishu paricharya
*1.JATAMATRA PARICHAYA:-*
👉🏻 Jaatamaatra refers to the baby immediately after birth.
👉🏻 The sisuparicharya mentioned in the Ashtanga Hridaya indicates this
meaning.
👉🏻 Jatamatra has been used synonymously with sadyojaata
in Ashtanga Samgraha.
👉🏻 Hence, jaatamaatra can be defined as the
period immediately after birth up to the cutting of the umbilical cord.
👉🏻 The Jaatamaatra sisu paricharya includes PRAANA PRATYAAGAMANAM(Jata karma kriya according to Charakasamhita), ULBA PARIMAARJANAM, MUKHA
VISODHANAM, GARBHODAKA VAMANAM, NABHEE
NAALA CHEDANAM.
👉🏻Prana pratyagamana (neonatal resuscitation):-
- Acharya Charaka opines that immediately after birth of baby, while taking steps to bring out placenta, the following measures should be taken for the resuscitation of the fetus: striking of stones near the base of ears of baby, sprinkling cold water in summer and hot water in winter on the face of baby.
- By these measures, baby will regain consciousness which was lost as a result of the strain caused by the pressure of bearing down during process of delivery. But even after these steps if the baby remains flaccid, then he should be fanned with a fan prepared of straps of bamboo till he starts breathing.
- Astanga Hridaya recommends rubbing of Bala Taila on baby’s body and making sound by hitting two stones together at base of ear.
- Sacred hymns should be chanted in right ear of baby.
- Acharya Charaka has laid emphasis on initiation of Prana Pratyagamana measures immediately after birth along with efforts for placenta extraction without losing any time.
- This highlights their understanding of the fact that initial few minutes of neonate’s life are crucial for prevention of brain damage due to delay in resuscitation. Striking of two stones near mastoid or base of ear produces intense sound stimulating vestibule cochlear nerve.
- It is a sensory nerve whose afferent branch carries sensation to its nuclei situated on the floor of the fourth ventricle, near respiratory centre, which is also stimulated and respiration begins. Also this process of striking stones irritates auricular branch of vagus nerve, which triggers coughing in baby.
- Sprinkling hot or cold water may stimulate the sensory fibres of facial nerve which stimulates the respiratory centre in brain and its motor fibres draw up hyoid bone and open epiglottis, thus initiating respiration.
- Waving air by a blackened fan gives fresh air which has 21% of oxygen. Even today when oxygen supply is not available, it is recommended to resuscitate with room air.
- Rubbing of Bala taila on baby’s body serves the purpose of tactile stimulation, temperature maintenance and providing strength to baby.
- Enchanting of hymns close to baby’s ear may serve as a psychological support to mother and an auditory stimulus to baby.
👉🏻 Ulba parimarjana (cleaning of the vernix caseosa) :-
- Acharya Sushruta opines that ulva or vernix of baby should be cleaned immediately after birth by ghee and rock salt.
- Vagbhata holds similar view and describes that cleaning of ulva from baby`s mouth and body should be performed immediately after birth using rock salt and ghee.
👉🏻 Nabhinalachedana (cutting of umbilical cord) :-
- Acharya Charaka prescribes Naalchedan after Garbhodak vamana while Acharya Sushruta recommends it after Mukha vishodhana and Pichu dharana.
- Acharya Vagbhata has described cutting of umbilical cord after Ulva parimarjan and resuscitative steps.
- Charaka elaborates that the cord should be marked at a distance of eight angulas (approximately 25.5 cm) from its root where it is attached with navel.
- Both the sides of this mark should be carefully occluded by hand and with help of an Ardhadhara type of instrument, made of gold, silver or steel, the cord should be cut at this mark.
- The distal end of the cord should be tied with help of a thread and the ends of the thread should be loosely tied to the neck of the baby.
- If there is suppuration of umbilical cord, oil boiled with paste of lodhra (Symplocos racemosa), madhuka (Glycyrrhiza glabra), priyangu (Callicarpa macrophylla), suradaru (Cedrus deodara) and haridra (Curcuma longa) should be applied. Powder of the medicines prescribed for oil preparation should be sprinkled over suppurated umbilicus.
- The length of cord to be left is proposed to be eight and four angulas (fingers) by Sushruta and Vagbhata respectively, which is to be tied by a thread before cutting and hanged loosely to child’s neckthereafter.
- Vagbhata also suggests anointment of cord by
Kushta taila.
👉🏻 Mukhvishodhana (cleaning of oral cavity) :-
- Acharya Charaka recommends that palate, lips, throat and tongue of neonate should be wiped with attendant’s finger, whose nails are properly clipped off and which are well cleaned
and covered with cotton swabs.
- After cleaning the mouth, shiras talu (anterior fontanel) of baby should be covered with cotton swabs soaked with unctuous substances.
- Acharya Sushruta has prescribed the use of ghee and rock salt for oral cleaning.
- Covering fontanel by ghee soaked cotton has been advocated by both
Sushruta and Vagbhata.
👉🏻
Garbhodaka vamana (clearing of neonate’s stomach) :-
- Charaka samhita and Astanga Hridaya, both hold the view that the child should be given ghee mixed with rock salt for emesis so that stomach is cleared of its contents.
👉🏻 Jata karma (Birth rites) :-
- Jata karma is the first sacrament done after birth. It involves the first feeding of baby.
- It is performed as described in Vedas.
- First of all, child should be given honey and ghee impregnated with hymns prescribed in Vedas.
- Thereafter following similar ritual, milk from the right breast should be given to the child at first.
- An earthen jar filled with water should be impregnated with mantras and kept near the head of the child.
- Acharya Sushruta states that baby should be given to lick gold bhasma (incinerated powder) mixed with honey and ghee with index finger.
- Astanga Hridaya prescribes a prashya (confection) for baby to confer intelligence, long life and good strength in the dose of one harenu (peas) in quantity, fortified with sacred hymns.
- The confection is prepared from the paste of aindri (Bacopa monnieri), brahmi (Centella asiatica), vacha
(Acorus calamus) or sankhpushpi
(Convolvulus pluricaulis) and added with ghee and honey or with gold, vacha (Acorus calamus), brahmi (Centella asiatica), tapya and haritaki (Terminalia chebula) or the bhasma of gold and amalki (Emblica officinalis) may be given with ghee and honey. Jata karma should be performed by prajapatya method described in religious texts.
*2.SADYOJATA SHISHU PARICHARYA:-*
👉🏻Sadyo jaata refers to first 24 hours of age.
👉🏻 The sadyo jataa paricharya
includes following procedures in addition to the Jaata matra sisu
paricharya namely, TAILA PARISHEKAM, SNAANAM, PICHU
DHAARANAM, UDAKA KUMBHA STHAAPANAM,
PRAASANAM for the first day.
👉🏻 Snana (neonatal bath) :-
- According to Acharya Charaka, when respiration is established in the neonate and he is in a stable condition, his excretory passages should be cleaned with water and he should be given bath.
- Sushruta prescribes bathing of neonate after Jata karma.
- He says that baby should be massaged with bala taila and then bathed with decoction of laticiferous trees, water of aromatic drugs (eladi gana) or water heated with silver or gold or warm decoction of kapittha (Limonia acidissima Linn.) leaves in accordance with season, dosha and means.Astanga Hridaya has also given similar views.
*3.NAVAJATA SHISHU PARICHARYA:-*
👉🏻Navajaata shishu parichaya can be referred as the baby of 120 days of age.
👉🏻The
Navajaata sisu paricharya includes jaatamaatra paricharya, sadyo
jaata paricharya and all other samskaaras up to 120 days.Navajaata sisu paricharya can be considered
to include those up to the samskaara of NISHKRAAMANAM.
(PRAASANAM after first day, STANYA PAANAM, RAKSHA
KARMAM, NISHKRAAMANAM.
👉🏻PRAASAMA:-
- The words 'praasana' and 'lehana' are used synonymously in
Kaumarabhrithya. Nowadays, the effect of this karma is being widely
discussed.
- Therefore, a systematic and detailed study of praasana is
mandatory.
👉🏻 Definition:-
• तब्ज्जनी मध्यमाङ्गुष्ठैः संस्पृश्य परिगृह्य ते।
यावदत्नादिकं ततु प्राशमित्यभिरधीयते।।
- The amount of food which can be grasped by the tip of middle finger of
the care taker is termed as praasa.
- The concept of praasa can be viewed in the following manner as
per classical references.
👉Raksha karma (protection of baby) :-
- Ayurvedic classics describe measures for preventing infection in a neonate.
- Branches of khadira (Acacia catechu), karkandhu (Zyzyphus nummularia), pilu (Salvadora persica) and parushaka (Grewia asiatica) should be placed all around the sutikagara (wardroom for mother). Grains of mustard, atasi (Linum usitassimum) and broken rice should be scattered in sutikagara.
- Till the naming ceremony (on tenth day), tandula bali homa (a type of ritual in which rice is offered to the sacred fire) should be performed twice a day.
- At the entrance of sutikagara a moosal (a large pestle) should be kept obliquely. Pieces of vacha (Acoras calamus), kushta (Saussurea lappa), hingu (Ferula narthrex), sarshapa (Brassica nigra), atasi (Linum usitassimum) and lashuna (Allium sativum) and such other drugs which are known to provide protection from the attack of evil spirits should be tied in a packet and hanged to the upper beam of door of sutikagara.
- Similar smaller packets should be tied to neck of mother and baby. These packets of drugs should also be placed in cooking utensils, serving vessels, water jars, cloth and bed sheet of mother and baby.
- Inside the sutikagara, fire lit from tinduka (Diospyros peregrina) should be constantly kept burning. Female attendants who are friends to mother should keep constant vigil by remaining awake for ten to twelve days.
- The whole house should be full of affectionate people and celebrations should be made.
- To bestow auspiciousness upon the mother and child, Brahmins well versed with the Atharva Veda should offer prayers twice a day.
No comments:
Post a Comment