🔘Prameha

 PRAMEHA:-

👉🏻 DERIVATION OF WORD:-

- Word derivation of Prameha Theword, Prameha is derived from the root 'mih sechane' meaning' 'watering' In reference to disease of human beings, it many have a meaning of passing urine, qualified by prefix ‘Pra' meaning excess in both frequency and quantity.

- Prameha is derived form Pra+Miha. A condition characterized by excessive outflow of urine (shabda kalpadruma).

👉🏻Characteristic feature:-

- Frequent urge to pass urine (which may be excessive or scanty) is the cardinal feature of Prameha.

 👉🏻 General Causes:-

1. Asyasukha (excessive food intake)

2. Swapnasukha (excessive sleep)

3. Dadhi (curd)

4. Gramya mamsa (meat of domestic

animals).

5. Oudaka mamsa (aquatic animals).

6. Anupa mamsa (marshy animals).

7. Payamsi (milk and milk products).

8. Navanna (new grains)

9. Gudavikriti (jaggery and its products).

10. Kaphakara ahara (food and beverages increasing kapha dosha).

11. Avyayama (sedentary life).

12. Alasya (laziness).

13.Sheeta-snigdha-madhura ahara (old, unctuous and sweet substances).

14. Dravanna (excess liquid diet) etc.

👉🏻 Origin of the disease:-

- Due to the above said  factors, Kapha

dosha is dominantly aggravated (in

association with other doshas) and

they affect medas (fat), mamsa

(flesh), udaka (lymphatic channel/

endocrinal secretions) etc. Due to the

abnormal digestion, the afflicted

dhatus (tissues and their derivatives)

are driven towards urinary system and

the disease prameha is resulted.

Based upon the dosha involvement

their degree of affliction and gradation

of the illness, various signs and

symptoms are resulted.

 According to the features, different names are

given.

👉🏻 Types of Prameha:-

- Two main types of Prameha are

described - sahaja and doshaja.

- Sahaja refers to natural, which are

originated due to the precipitating

factors from the inherited or

congenital factors.

- Doshaja are the results of dosha

vitiation.

- Based on the clinical importance, two

types are specified as

- Sthoola prameha (urinary disorders

of stouts).

- Krisha prameha (urinary disorders

of lean).

👉🏻 Components of Prameha:-

- Prameha is caused by vitiation of all the doshas and many other components of the body, many of which are the important tissues of thebody. 

They are -

- Excessively increased -Free fat

-Lymph

-Blood

-Muscle

-Fat

-Bone marrow

-Semen

-Water ingredients of the body / fluid

compartment

-Muscle fat

-Serum

-Essence of all the tissues.

👉🏻 Clinical features:-

 

👉🏻  Features of Kaphaja prameha:-

1. Udaka meha – The urine is transparent (accha), excess (bahu),

white (sita), cold (sheeta), odourless

(nirgandha), similar to water (udakopama), turbid (avila) and slimy

(picchila).

2. Ikshu meha - The urine is very sweet and similar to sugar cane juice (ikshurasavat madhura). It is slimy

and turbid in nature.

3. Sandra meha – The urine is dense

(sandra) and it precipitates when

allowed to settle down when kept overnight (paryushita sandra).

4. Sura meha - In this condition, the urine appears similar to arrack (sura).The supernatant part appears clear

and the lower part will be dense and

thick.

5. Pishta meha – In this condition, the person feels horripilation on urination and the urine is white (sita) like the

paste of the fine grain flour (pishtavat).

6. Shukra meha - The urine appears like semen (shukrabha) or mixed with semen (shukramishra).

7. Sikata meha - In this condition, the urinary gravels appearing like sand particles are expelled out.

8. Sheeta meha - Excess amount of

urination which is sweet (madhura).and cold (sheeta) in nature is found in

this condition.

9. Shanair meha - Little by little, repeated, slow urination is complained of in this disease.

10. Lala meha - The urine appears similar to saliva (lalatantrayuta) and is slimy (picchila) in nature.

👉🏻 Features of Pittaja prameha:-

1. Kshara meha – Here, the urine has

the odour, colour, taste and texture of

alkaline solution (ksharatoyavat).

2. Kala meha - Large quantity of black coloured urine, just like burnt coal (masinibha) is found in Kalameha.

3. Neela meha - The urine which is

blue in colour similar to the feather of Blue jay bird(chashapakshanibha) is complained of in this condition.

4. Rakta meha - Here, urine will have

the colour and smell of blood and is salty in taste.

5. Manjishta meha - Manjishta (Rubia

cordifolia) is a drug which gives dark

red coloured decoction or fresh juice.

Here, the urine will have bad smell

(visra gandha) and the urine appears

similar to the decoction of manjishta.

6. Haridra meha - In this particular kind of prameha, the urine will be pungent (katu), has dark yellow color

similar to turmeric (haridranibha) andassociated with burning sensation.

👉🏻 Features of Vataja prameha:-

1. Vasa meha - In vasa meha, the person passes the urine repeatedly

which is mixed with fatty oil and often

appears turbid and sticky similar to

fat.

2. Majja meha - Here, urine will have

the appearance similar to marrow and

it is excreted frequently.

3. Hasti meha - In this condition of Hastimeha, urine is often excreted

like an intoxicated elephant (mattahastiriva ajasrammutra) without force. In few of the cases

lymph with clots are also found.

4. Madhu meha - Acharya Charaka

anlaised that there explained that the roughness of

aggravated vatadosha transforms the

sweet taste of ojas into astringent

taste and expels out along with the

urine, thus causing Madhumeha.

Urine with astringent mixed sweet

taste, pale colour and unctuousness

are the features of this condition.

Acharya Vagbhata opines that all

pramehas if neglected or not treated

properly, ultimately they reach the

terminal stage-madhumeha.

👉🏻 Complications:-

1. Thrishna (thirst)

2. Atisara (diarrhoea)

3. Jwara (fever)

4. Daha (burning)

5. Dourbalya (debility)

6. Aruchi (anorexia)

7. Avipaka (indigestion)

8. Pootimamsa (bad odour)

9. Pramehapidaka (diabetic

carbuncles)

10. Alaji (cellulitis)

11. Vidradhi (abscess)

12. Hrit shola (cardiac pain)

13. Makshikopasarpana (neuritis) etc.

👉🏻 *Formulations* referred in Prameha (in

general):-

1. Asanadi kashaya

2. Nishakhadiradi kashaya

3. Kathakakhadhiradi kashaya

4. Triphala kashaya

5. Chandraprabhavati

6. Lodhrasava

7. Jambwasava

8. Shilajaturasayana

9. Vasantakusumakara rasa

10. Mahamanjishtadi kashaya.

 *Wholesome diet habits* 

1. Shigru - drum stick

2. Haridra – turmeric

3. Amalaki - goose berry

4. Shyamaka - Setaria italica (L.)

Beauv.

5. Kodrava - Echinochloa frumentacea

Linn.

6. Yava – barley

7. Godhuma - wheat

8. Mudga - green gram

9. Kulattha - horse gram

10. Patola - snake gourd

11. Karavellaka - bitter gourd

12. Maricha - pepper

13. Lashuna - garlic

14. Jambu - blue berry

15. Vyayama - exercise etc

🔘Kwatha Kalpana

 

Kwatha Kalpana:-(Decoction)

👉🏻 The term kwatha is basically derived from the root word 'kwatha'w, which literally means the process of boiling'.

👉🏻 Defination:-

- Kwatha is the liquid preparation obtained by boiling one part of 'selected dravya' in coarse powder form along with 16 parts of water.

- The mixture is reduced to 1/8th part and filtered. The filterate is called 'kwatha'.

• पानीयं षोडशगुणं क्षुण्णे द्रव्यपले क्षिपेत्। 

मृत्पात्रे क्वाथयेद् ग्राह्यमष्टमांशावशेषितम्॥

तज्जलं पाययेद् धीमान् कोष्णं मृद्वग्निसाधितम्।

                                (Sha. Ma. Kha.2/1-2)

- The terms; तज्जल = क्वथित जल indicater boiled and reduced water i.e. decoction; कोष्णं - ईषदुष्ण indicates the instan' use of the decoction; and मृद्वग्नि साधत मन्दपाक पाचित boiled over mild fire.

- Opinion of Caraka is that the liquid boiled over agni is srta or the kwatha.

• ववह्नौतु क्वथितं द्रव्यं शृतमाहुश्चिकित्सकाः।(Ca.Su.4/7)

Sruta, sita, kasāya, nirviha, kadha etc are the synonyms of kwatha.

👉🏻 Kwatha preparation-depending on the nature of the drugs:-

• Drugs of different nature and Water ratio

- Soft drugs - 4 times of water

-Medium and hard drugs :- 8times of water

-Very hard drugs  - 16 times of water.

- All reduced to1/4"; the term पय: in 2 line indicates जल.

• चतुर्गुणं मृदुद्रव्ये कठिनेऽष्टगुणं जलम् । तथा च मध्यमे द्रव्ये दद्यादष्टगुणं पयः। अत्यन्तकदिनेद्र व्ये नीरं षोडशिकं मतम् II

👉🏻 Drugs of different nature  and  Water ratio:-

- Mrdu aravya (soft drugs) - 4 times of water.

- Kathina dravya (hard drugs) - 8 times of water.

- Kathiņāt kațhina (very hard drugs) - 16 times of water.

- Mixture of all types of drugs - 8 times of water.

👉🏻 Kwatha kalpana- precautions:-

• Considered only course powder (yavakūta cūra) of the drugs fork kwathapreparation

• Chemically inert vessel should be used for boiling kwatha.Only on mild to moderate heat is maintained throughout the process ofb boiling

• The vessel should be kept open throughout the boiling process.

Note: The lid should not be placed on the vessel during the boiling process kwatha kalpana. If done so, the prepared kwatha becomes 'guru' for digestion.

• अपिधानमुखे पात्रे जलं दुर्जरतां व्रजेत् । तस्माद् आवरणं त्यक्त्वा स्वाथादींच विषाचयेत् ।।(Sa. Ma. Kha. 2/71).

Rationality:

- By placing lid over the vessel while boiling kwätha the 'Slesmamsaf fromthe mixture are not let out, as a result of which the end product turnsh heavyfor digestion and may not exert the desired action.

👉🏻 Kwatha- general dosage and shelf life:- 

• आहाररसपाके च सजाते द्विपलोन्मितम्। वृद्धवैद्योपदेशेन पिबेत् क्वाथं सुपाचितम्।।          (Sa. Ma Kha. 2/31).

- Two pala (96 ml) is the general dosage of kwātha. It is administered afterf foodfor better digestion. All types of kwātha are meant for instant use only.

- Jiraka, guggulu, kşara, lavana, Silajatu, hingu, trikatu; any of these adjuvant are added in one sāna (3 g) quantity to the kwatha (2 pala; 96 ml) during administration.

- Liquids like milk, ghee, jaggery, oil, cow's urine and any other liquids used; different kalka and curna; any of these adjuvant are added in 1 karsa (12 g) quantity to the kwatha (2 pala; 96 ml) during administration.

👉🏻 Kwatha- general uses:-

1. Kwatha is an important 'dosage form' indicated solely in many of the disease conditions.

2. It plays a major role in almost all the 'ophthalmic treatments.

3. It is used in preparation of many of the secondary preparations'.

4. It is a widely used 'bhāvanā dravya' in many of the drug purifications.

5. As anupāna, kwatha preparations are used in vogue.

6. As'nirūha basti' kwātha preparations are administered.

7. For 'vrana praksälana' kwātha preparations are considered appropriate.

👉🏻 Examples:-

1. Räsnādi kwātha

2. Rāsnāsaptaka kwātha

3. Punarnavāştaka kwātha

👉🏻 Praksepa dravyas and their quantity:-

1. To 2 pala (96 ml) of any decoction, the sugar (sitā) and honey (madhu) are added in the above given ratio considering the diseases and their dose predominance.

🔘 Agaru

AGARU:-

👉🏻Basonym of Drug:  

- The term Agaru has two meanings

- The Agaru Kashtha (heart wood) is heavy by weight but is light by nature (property).

- The tree grows in hilly regions.

👉🏻 Synonyms:-

1. Krumijam:- Originated from fungus infection.

2. Yogajam:- The aromatic heart wood is formed by infestation.

3. Pravaram:- Agaru is potent drug.

4. Dhupvasam:- Heart wood is aromatic, hence used in perfumery.

5. Anaaryakam:- The plant grows commonly in the hilly regions of North-Eastern part of India.

👉🏻 Regional Name:-

• English    - Eagle wood

• Hindi     -  Agar

• Kannada    -  Krishnagaru

• Malayalam  -  Akil

• Marathi    -  Agar

👉🏻 Botanical Name :  Aquilaria agallocha 

👉🏻 Family : Thymelaeceae

👉🏻 Classification Of Dravya (Gana):-

- Charaka:- Shitaprashmana, Shwasahara, Tiktskandha, Sirovirechana.

- Sushruta:- Eladi, Salasaradi, Shleshma shamana.

👉🏻 Kula:- Agaru Kula.

👉🏻 Habitat:- Eastern India (Himalayan Region), Assam and Manipur.

👉🏻 External Morphology:-

1. Habitat: A Medium sized Perennial Tree.

2. Root: Tap Root.

3. Leaf :

a. Type - Compound.

b. Phyllotaxy - Alternate.

c. Shape - Oblong with Pulvinus at the Base.

d.Tip - Acute – Acuminate

e. Margin - Entire.

f. Surface - Glabrous.

4. Inflorescence: - Long Axillary Pendulous Raceme.

5. Flower:-Complete, Bisexual, Yellow Color with Long Pedicel.           

Calyx:- 5

Corolla:- 5

Androecium:-10

Gynoecium:- Monocarpellary

Ovary:-Superior

6. Fruit : Legume

7. Seed: Flat, Embedded In Soft Pulp.

👉🏻 Types:-

• According To Raj Nighantu -

1. Krushna Agaru

2. Kashtha Agaru

3. Daha Agaru

4. Mangaliya Agaru

• According To Unani  -

1. Garki

2. Nimba Garki

3. Samalaha

👉🏻 Useful Parts:- Kanda Sara, Taila.

👉🏻 Important Phytoconstituents:-

- Volatile Oil, Agarospirol, Aquillochin, Dihydroagarofuran, Noroxoagarofuran.

👉🏻Rasa Panchaka:-

Rasa:-Tikta, Katu.

Guna:-Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshna

Virya:-Ushna.

Vipaka:-Katu

Dosha Karma:-Kapha-Vata Shamaka

👉🏻 Karma:-

- Twachya, Karnarogahara, Akshirogahara, Vataghna, Shitashamana, Kaphaghna, Sugandhi, Uttejaka, Vajikara, Swasaghna, Vatanulomaka, Rasayana, Ropana, Durgandhanashaka, Sothahara, Vednasthapan, Hrudyauttejaka.

👉🏻 Prayogartha Vyadhi (Therapeutic Indications):-

- Karna Roga, Kushtha, Hikka, Swasa, Kasa, Twak Vikara.

👉🏻 Amayika Prayoga (Therapeutic Administration):-

1. Taila of Agaru - Dustavrana Shodhana, Krimi, Kaphajaroga, Kushtha.

2. Applied Externally On Vatarakta, Amavata, Sandhishotha.

3. Agaru And Ishvarmula Is Applied On Forehead In Shirashula.

4. Lepa of Agaru, Vicharchika, Gajatwak In Twak Shotha.

5. Agaru Churna with Madhu In Hikka, Shwasa.

👉🏻 Matra (Dose):-

• Churna - 3-6 gm.

• Taila - 10-40 Drops

👉🏻 Vishishta Yoga (Names of Important Formulations):-

• Agaravadi Taila.

• Rasnadi kwatha

• Khadiradi vati

👉🏻 Test For Agaru:-

- Black In Color, Heavy, Sticky, Sink In Water, Should Burn When Lighted.

🔘 Suvarnaprashana

 

SUVARNAPRASHANA:-

√ Lehana:- 

- The word – Lehana – itself indicates its consistency (semi solid form - लिह्यते). 

- This term is used synonymously with the concept of praasana. 

- The drugs for lehana should always be mixed with honey and ghrita. 

- After 8 months of age the medium can be changed to plain water. 

- Acharya Kasyapa explained SUVARNAPRAASHANA under the concept of lehana.

 √ Suvarnapraasana:-

- Suvarna is nirmal and best among the 4 sudha lohas. 

- It is said to prevent grahabaadha, protects against vishaand increases buddhi, medha and smriti. 

- By suvarnapraasana, Acharya might have intended the attainment of good intellect, immune power and longevity.

√ Suvarnapraasana Vidhi:-

- Keeping face towards east, gold should be rubbed in a clean stone with a little quantity of water, churned with honey and ghrita and given to the child.

√ Hemaadripraasana:- 

• Ingredients:-

1. Hema (Gold), Swetavacha & Kushta. 

2. Arkapushpi & Kaanchana. 

3. Hema, Matsyaakshaka & Sankha. 

4. Kaidarya, Kanaka & Vacha.

- Above mentioned four groups of drugs consumed with honey and ghee. 

- Consumed for the one year period it bestows good body growth, intelligence, strength, colour and goodness.

√ Benefits of Suvarnapraasana:-

- Feeding of Suvarnapraasan increases intellect, digestive and metabolic power, strength and gives long life. 

- It considered as auspisious,virtuous, aphrodisiac, increase complexion and eliminates grahas. 

- By feeding for 1 month, the child becomes extremely intelligent and is protected from diseases. 

- And for 6 months, the child is able to retain for a long time what ever he hears.

√ Indications of Lehana:-

- Mothers of the children having no breast milk, deficient milk or vitiated milk, of parturient mother.

- Women who underwent difficult labour or are severely ill, the children who have predominance of vaata and pitta but not kapha.

- Who don’t get satisfied with breast milk and cry in spite of repeatedly sucking, the children who don’t sleep in the night and eat too much.

- Pass scanty urine and faeces, children who have increased digestive power, though free from diseases yet scraggy, have delicate body parts, and are emaciated. 

- Don’t pass urine and faeces even for 3 days, such children should be prescribed lehanas.

√ Contra-indications of Lehana:-

- Those children with weak digestive power, sleepy, passing excessive stool, less urine, stout bodied.

- Having indigestion, receiving guru breast milk, mother of child consuming all rasas, who suffer from diseases of head and neck.

- In aamaroga, fever, diarrhoea, jaundice, sotha, paandu, carfiac diseases, dyspnoea, cough, rectal diseases, urinary bladder diseases, abdominal diseases.

- Flatulence, ganda erysipeles, vomiting, anorexia, all graharogas and alasaka should not be prescribed lehana.

- It should neither be given daily nor after taking meals, on an inauspicious day or a day with strong wind. 

- Lehana along with non-congenial articles or its excess amount is not advisable. 

- The references of contraindications of lehana ho hand in hand with the contraindications of snehana in classics.

 √ Drug used in Lehana:-

- Both single drugs and compound formulations have been prescribed by Acharya Kasyapa; 

• Single drugs:-

1. Brahmi 

2. Mandookaparni 

3. Triphala 

4. Chitraka

5. Vacha 

6. Shatapushpa 

7. Sataavaree 

8. Dantee 

9. Naagabala 

10. Trivrit

√ Benefits of Lehana:-

- Kasyapa samhita emphasizes the importance of lehana by stating that happiness and sorrow of children are dependent on lehana. 

- Lehana is a simple remedy for common diseases in curative aspect. 

- The preparation also imparts sufficient potency for the prevention of different diseases. 

- Moreover, the drugs used are easily accessible as well as administrable.

✨ DEEPAVALI ✨

 

✨DEEPAVALI✨ :-

👉🏻 Introduction:-

 - Every year, Indian communities all over the world celebrate Diwali, the Festival of Lights, with much fanfare.

- Diwali is a five-day festival that celebrates the triumph of light over darkness, knowledge over ignorance, and hope over despair. 

- The origin of the word ‘Diwali’ is from the Sanskrit word ‘Deepavali’ where ‘deepa’ means ‘light’ and ‘vali’ means ‘row’; thus a row of lights, which is exactly what is seen in homes during this time—rows of light in celebration of the festival.  

- This festival is celebrated on Amavasya or ‘no moon’ day and heralds the dawn of a New Year according to the Hindu calendar.

- Celebrated by Hindus, Sikhs, and Jains, each of these groups honor some historical figure and significance.

- Whatever one’s belief, it is a celebration of good over evil and heralds new, positive beginnings.

👉🏻 Celebrations of Diwali:-

- The Festival of Lights does just that―light up the homes and hearts of communities all over the world. During the five-day period, people’s homes are lit up by diyas’ and the exteriors are often decorated with electric lights. 

- Inside the home, one will find intricate rangoli art, which are patterns on the floor created by either rice or coloured powder. 

- Neighbours exchange gifts, and the emphasis is often on sweets, dried fruit, and other gifts. It is also a time to share with those in need and give freely to members of the community who have little.

- The air is rich with the smell of incense, the acrid smell of burning crackers, and the aromas coming from the kitchen.

- The celebration features various rich savoury and sweet dishes, and while eating out is popular, families will mostly prepare food at home for when guests arrive to exchange gifts and watch fireworks.

👉🏻 Diwali Mythology:-

- Some differences in how the Diwali celebration is performed exist between the north and south. 

- One in particular is associated with the first day of celebrations, when those in South India celebrate the victory of Lord Krishna over the demon Naraka – a day before celebrations in the North. 

- Celebrations in Northern India begin with rituals associated with the return of Lord Rama (Ram) to Ayodhya after years of exile.

- According to latter legend, Diwali celebrates Rama’s return from a 14-year exile imposed on him by his father. 

- Upon his return, he finds his subjects distressed by the demon Ravana, a smart but evil ‘pundit,’ who terrorizes the Kingdom. 

- In celebration of  his return, Rama’s subjects welcome him back by lighting lamps, marking the holiday’s signature ritual. Rama, along with his wife Sita, defeats the demon and frees his Kingdom from oppression.  

- Today, Lord Rama’s return and victory signifies the triumph of good over evil.

 - In addition, another popular ritual associated with Diwali in India is the puja dedicated to the Hindu Goddess of Wealth and Prosperity, Lakshmi. 

- Diwali also commemorates the beginning of the New Year and is marked by the lighting of fireworks.

👉🏻The significance behind the five days of Diwali Celebration:-

√ The First Day:-

- Dhanteras marks the beginning of the end of a 14 day dark period. 

- On this day, the Lord Dhanvantari’s rises from the Ocean with Ayurvedic (medicine) for humankind. 

- This day starts the festival of lights.

√ The Second Day:-

- Narak Chaturdasi celebrates  Lord Krishna’s defeat of a demon named Narakasura. 

- The demon asks Lord Krishna for forgiveness and Krishna grants it. - This day has been dedicated to the belief that even the worst of us can change and deserve sympathy. 

- It is also a celebrated as the day Lord Krishna freed the world from fear.

√ The Third Day:-

- Lakshimi Puja is the main celebration day of Diwali. 

- On this day the Goddess Lakshmi emerged from the ocean bringing with her wealth and prosperity for the world. 

- People responded by honoring and praising Lakshmi, and this practice continues to day.

√ The Fourth Day:-

- Padwa and Goverdhan Puja is a day for the prayer known as Goverdhan Puja (pooja)- a large offering of food. Some celebrate this day in honor of Lord Krishna’s protection of the villagers of Vrindavan from torrential rain caused by Indra (the god of rain and storms).

√ The Fifth Day:-

- Bhai Duj celebrates the love and affection between brothers and sisters. 

- It reinstates the bother’s duty to protect and value his sister, and the sister’s reciprocated affection. 

 - On this day, a great feast is shared between brothers and sisters

👉🏻 How are each of the five days celebrated?

- There are many practices surrounding the Hindu festival, with each day consisting of a different ritual or a prayer to a particular god.

√ On the First Day:-

- People clean, renovate, and decorate their houses and businesses. 

- Some will place a lighted or colorful Rangoli designs outside the door and small lights surround the house.

- Diyas (lamps) are lit and sweets offered as a sacrifice to the Goddess Lakshmi.

√ On the Second Day:-

- Some celebrate by waking up before sunrise, bathing, and anointing themselves with oil. 

- Firecrackers and fireworks are generally set off on this day.

√ On the Third Day:-

- Houses are alight with diyas in celebration of Lakshmi. 

- Firecrackers and fireworks are set into the sky, and sparklers are lit (particularly popular with children). 

- New clothes are worn, gifts and sweets are shared, and people generally partake in a feast.

√ On the Fourth Day:-

- Sacrifices and offerings are made to deities.

√ On the Fifth and final day -

-  Sisters share their meals with their bothers while the brothers share gifts with their sisters.

👉🏻 Diwali celebrations in different parts of India:-

1. North India:-

- In Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Srinagar, Delhi and Punjab, the Deepavali festival is celebrated with fireworks, lights, and, sweets.

- Lord Ganesha and goddess Lakshmi are also worshipped in Hindu homes on this day. 

- If you’re in the capital, you shouldn’t miss the Diwali mela in Delhi that lets you buy decor and food items for the festival and for best Diwali celebration in India. 

- Uttar Pradesh is also considered as one of the best places to visit on Diwali.

2. East India:-

- In West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Assam, and Odisha, Diwali celebraton in East India is mainly the night of ancestors, and earthen oil lamps are lit on poles to guide the souls of the departed loved ones to heaven in Odisha. 

- The people of West Bengal and Assam worship goddess Kali on the night of Diwali festival and offer prayers to their ancestors. 

- The people of Bihar and Jharkhand perform Lakshmi pooja in the evening and women make rangolis on the verandah of their homes and temples. 

- For witnessing Diwali in India, visit any of these places.

3. West India:-

- In Gujarat and Maharashtra, rangoli is an important part of their Diwali decoration.

- While Gujaratis draw footprints of goddess Laxmi on the threshold of the house, light their homes with candles, rice lights, and diyas on the night of Diwali, Maharashtrians perform Lakshmi pooja in their homes and organize a feast known as “Faral” for families and friends, where sweets like karanji, ladoo and snacks like chakli and sev are served.

4. South India:-

- In Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu,  while Andhrites and Tamilians worship Lord Krishna and his wife Satyambha’s victory over the demonic King Narkasura, Kannadigas take oil bath and build forts from cow dung in their homes.

👉🏻 Diwali Celebrations around world:-

- Diwali is an occasion of joy, merrymaking, and togetherness for Indians around the world. 

- While the festival is celebrated on a grand scale throughout the country, it is also celebrated in other countries with large Hindu populations that include Nepal, Srilanka, Mauritius, Singapore, Myanmar, Indonesia, Britain, Malaysia, Thailand, Guyana, Japan, Fiji, Trinidad and Tobago, Africa, and Australia.

👉🏻 Tips to celebrate Diwali safely:-

√ Here are a few tips for celebrating Diwali in India safely:-

• Stay away from synthetic fabrics, only wear cotton clothes.

• Have a fire extinguisher and keep a first aid kit ready in your home.

• Don’t burn crackers in closed areas.

• Don’t let kids burn aerial fireworks like rocket alone.

• Never ever light a cracker while holding it in your hand.

• Make social distancing with others for prevention against covid 19 and compulsory wear mask when go outside home.

• Light crackers at the time and guidelines said by government and follow all precautions.

👉🏻 Diwali amd Ayurveda:-

- There are many common things between ayurveda and Diwali celebrations. Diwali mostly based on Ayurveda only.

- On Diwali day we all get up early to clean our houses and bright lights. Ayurveda also recommends waking up early in Brahma Muhurta.

- On Diwali special food items are prepared which are again based on Ayurveda. 

- The food is adorned with a perfect co binational spices and sweets. Ayurveda also recommends cooking in same manner.

- Diwali is a festival which recommends cleaning one's inner self. The same principle can be found in Ayurveda.

🔘 Developmental Milestones

DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE

 

 👉🏻Introduction

Skills such as taking a first step, smiling for the first time, and waving “bye-bye” are called developmental milestones. Developmental milestones are things most children can do by a certain age. Children reach milestones in how they play, learn, speak, behave, and move (like crawling, walking, or jumping).

In the first year, babies learn to focus their vision, reach out, explore, and learn about the things that are around them. Cognitive, or brain development means the learning process of memory, language, thinking, and reasoning. Learning language is more than making sounds (“babble”), or saying “ma-ma” and “da-da”. Listening, understanding, and knowing the names of people and things are all a part of language development. During this stage, babies also are developing bonds of love and trust with their parents and others as part of social and emotional development. The way parents cuddle, hold, and play with their baby will set the basis for how they will interact with them and others.

👉🏻 Positive Parenting Tips

Following are some things you, as a parent, can do to help your baby during this time:

-Talk to your baby. She will find your voice calming.

- Answer when your baby makes sounds by repeating the sounds and adding words. This will help him learn to use language.

- Read to your baby. This will help her develop and understand language and sounds.

Sing to your baby and play music. This will help your baby develop a love for music and will help his brain development.

- Praise your baby and give her lots of loving attention.

- Spend time cuddling and holding your baby. This will help him feel cared for and secure.

Play with your baby when she’s alert and relaxed. Watch your baby closely for signs of being tired or fussy so that she can take a break from playing.

- Distract your baby with toys and move him to safe areas when he starts moving and touching things that he shouldn’t touch.

- Take care of yourself physically, mentally, and emotionally. Parenting can be hard work! It is easier to enjoy your new baby and be a positive, loving parent when you are feeling good yourself.

👉🏻 0-3 Month Milestones

Motor Milestones

-While lying on tummy, pushes up on arms

-While lying on tummy, lifts and holds head up

-Able to move fists from closed to open

-Able to bring hands to mouth

-Moves legs and arms off of surface when excited

 Sensory Milestones

-While lying on back, attempts to reach for a toy held above their chest

-While lying on back, visually tracks a moving toy from side to side.

-While lying on back, keeps head centered to watch faces or toys

- Able to calm with rocking, touching, and gentle sounds.

-Enjoys a variety of movements

 Communication Milestones

-Quiets or smiles in response to sound or voice.

-Turns head towards sound or voice

-Shows interest in faces

Makes eye contact

Cries differently for different needs (e.g. hungry vs. tired).

- Coos and smiles.

 Feeding Milestones

-Latches onto nipple or bottle

-Tongue moves forward and back to suck.

-Drinks 2 oz. to 6 oz. of liquid per feeding, 6 times per day.

-Sucks and swallows well during feeding.

👉🏻 4-6 Month Milestones

 Motor Milestones

-Uses hands to support self while sitting.

-Rolls from back to tummy and tummy to back.

-While standing with support, accepts entire weight with legs.

- Reaches for nearby toys while on tummy

While lying on back, reaches both hands to play with feet.

-While lying on back, transfers a toy from one hand to the other.

 Sensory Milestones

-Uses both hands to explore toys.

-Generally happy when not hungry or tired.

-Brings hands and objects to mouth.

-Able to calm with rocking, touching, and gentle sounds.

-Is not upset by everyday sounds.

-Enjoys a variety of movements.

 Communication Milestones

-Reacts to sudden noises or sounds.

-Listens and responds when spoken to

-Begins to use consonant sounds in babbling, e.g. “da, da, da”

Makes different kinds of sounds to express feelings.

-Notices toys that make sounds.

-Uses babbling to get attention.

 Feeding Milestones

-Shows interest in food

Opens mouth as spoon approaches.

-Moves pureed food from front of mouth to back.

-Begins to eat cereals and pureed foods – Smooth, pureed food (single ingredient only), like carrots, sweet potato, squash, apples, pears.

👉🏻 7-9 Month Milestones

 Motor Milestones

-Sits without support.

- Sits and reaches for toys without falling.

- Moves from tummy or back into sitting.

- Starts to move with alternate leg and arm movement e.g. creeping, crawling.

- Picks up head and pushes through elbows during Tummy Time.

- Turns head to visually track objects while sitting.

- Shows more control while rolling and sitting.

- Picks up small objects with thumbs and fingers.

- In simple play imitates others.

 Sensory Milestones

- Enjoys a variety of movements – bouncing up and down, rocking back and forth.

- Explores and examines an object using both hands and mouth.

- Turns several pages of a chunky (board) book at once.

- Experiments with the amount of force needed to pick up different objects.

- Focuses on objects near and far.

- Investigates shapes, sizes, and textures of toys and surroundings.

- Observes environment from a variety of positions – while lying on back or tummy, sitting, crawling, and standing with assistance.

 Communication Milestones

- Uses increased variety of sounds and syllable combinations in babbling.

- Looks at familiar objects and people when named.

- Recognizes sound of their name.

- Participates in two-way communication.

- Follows some routine commands when paired with gestures.

- Shows recognition of commonly used words

Simple gestures, e.g. shaking head for “no”

Imitates sounds.

 Feeding Milestones

- In a highchair, holds and drinks from a bottle

Begins to eat thicker pureed and mashed table foods.

-Enjoys chew toys that can massage sore and swollen gums during teething.

- Stays full longer after eating.

- Starts to look and reach for objects, such as, food that is nearby.

- Shows strong reaction to new smells and tastes.

👉🏻 10-12 Month Milestones

 Motor Milestones

- Pulls to stand and cruises along furniture

Stands alone and takes several independent steps.

- Moves in and out of various positions to explore environment and get desired toys

Maintains balance in sitting when throwing objects.

- Claps hands.

- Releases objects into a container with a large opening.

- Uses thumb and pointer finger to pick up tiny objects.

 Sensory Milestones

- Enjoys listening to songs.

- Explores toys with fingers and mouth.

- Crawls to or away from objects baby sees in the distance.

 Communication Milestones

- Meaningfully uses “mama” or “dada”

Responds to simple directions, e.g. “Come here”.

- Produces long strings of gibberish (jargoning) in social communication.

- Says one or two words

Imitates speech sounds.

- Babbling has sounds and rhythms of speech.

- Pays attention to where you are looking and pointing.

- Responds to “no”

Begins using hand movements to communicate wants and needs, e.g. reaches to be picked up.

 Feeding Milestones

- Finger feeds self

Eating an increasing variety of food.

- Begins to use an open cup.

- Ready to try soft-cooked vegetables, soft fruits, and finger foods (banana slices, cooked pasta).

- Might be ready to start self feeding with utensils.

- Enjoys a greater variety of smells and tastes.

👉🏻 13-18 Month Milestones 

 Motor Milestones

- Walks independently.

- Squats to pick up a toy.

- Stacks two objects.

 Sensory Milestones

- Helps with getting dressed/undressed

Has a regular sleep schedule.

- Eats an increasing variety of foods.

 👉🏻 By 15 months:

- May use 5-10 words.

-Combines sounds and gestures.

-Imitates simple words and actions.

-Consistently follows simple directions.

-Shows interest in pictures.

-Can identify 1-2 body parts when named.

 Understands 50 words

👉🏻 By 18 months:

-Responds to questions

-Repeats words

 overheard in conversation.

-Continues to produce speech-like babbling.

-Points at familiar objects and people in pictures.

-Understands “in” and “on”.

-Responds to yes/no questions with head shake/nod.

 Feeding Milestones

-Increases variety of coarsely chopped table foods.

-Holds and drinks from a cup.

👉🏻 19-24 Month Milestones

 Communication Milestones

👉🏻 By 21 Months:

-Uses at least 50 words

Consistently imitates new words.

-Names objects and pictures.

-Understands simple pronouns (me, you, my)

Identifies 3-5 body parts when named.

-Understands new words quickly.

👉🏻 By 24 months:

-Begins to use 2 word phrases.

-Uses simple pronouns (me, you, my).

-Understands action words.

-Uses gestures and words during pretend play.

-Follows 2-step related directions e.g. “Pick up your coat and bring it to me”.

-Enjoys listening to stories.

👉🏻 2-3 Year Milestones

 Communication Milestones

👉🏻 By 30 months:

-Consistently uses 2-3 word phrases.

-Uses “in” and “on”

At least 50% of speech is understood by caregiver.

-Follows 2-step unrelated directions, e.g. “give me the ball and go get your coat”.

-Understands basic nouns and pronouns

Understands “mine” and “yours”.

👉🏻 By 36 months:

-Asks “what” and “where” questions

Uses plurals, e.g. “dogs”

-Most speech is understood by caregiver

Simple understanding of concepts including color, space, time.

-Understands “why” questions.

-Understands most simple sentences.