BASTI (MEDICATED ENEMA)
बस्तिभिर्दीयते यस्मात् तस्मात् बस्तिरिति स्मृतः
Bastikarma is the procedure by which the medicines in suspension form are administered through rectum or genitourinary tract using Bastiyantra. It is the most important procedure among Panchakarma procedures and the most appropriate remedial measure for Vatadosha.
👉🏻Medicines- usual ingredients:
Medicated oils for Abhyanga
Swedana Karma materials
Medicated oils for Basti
Kwatha (Decoction) & Kalka (Paste) made from prescribed medicines –
Madhu (Honey)
Saindhava (Rock-salt)
👉🏻Man Power:
Ayurvedic Physician : 1
Masseur : 1
👉🏻Types of Basti (Classified into many ways):
According to the nature of medicine used, two types of enemas are: Astapana/Kashaya/ Niruha Basti - Decoction based enema
Anuvasana/ Sneha Basti - Oil based enema
👉🏻Matra (dose) of Basti dravyas:
It depends upon age, sex, strength (bala) of the patient and state of Doshas / disease.
👉🏻Apparatus for Basti:
Basti yantra is composed of a Bastiputaka (animal bladder/polythene bag) and Bastinetra or nozzle made up of metals like gold, silver, copper, etc. (Charak Siddhi 3/7). The length of Bastinetra may be 6 to12 fingers according to age of the patient (Sushrut chikista 35/8)
👉🏻NIRUHA BASTI/ KASHAYA BASTI (DECOCTION ENEMA):
Decoction enema is given before meals (i.e. 8-9 AM) and usually consists of
Medicated oil/ghee : 240ml
Madhu (Honey) : 180ml
Decoction made from prescribed drugs : 480ml
Shatahwa kalka : 30gm
Rock-salt : 15gm
👉🏻Preparation of Basti dravya
Powdered rock-salt is added to honey and stirred in a clean vessel with a pestle. Oil is added to this mixture little by little and again stirred. Then paste of Shatahwa followed by decoction is to be added little by little quantity and mixed properly to make homogenous emulsion, and heated gently in a water bath (slightly above body temperature). This mixture is poured into a Bastiputaka (polythene bag/ animal bladder) and fixed with Basti Netra (tied by using thread).
👉🏻Procedure:
Having undergone Abhyanga and Swedana, the patient is advised to lie down in left lateral position. Apply little quantity of oil on patient’s anus and nozzle of Basti yantra. The nozzle is gently inserted into the anal canal up to a specific length and Bastiputaka containing mixture is pressed with a uniform pressure. The pressure is continued till only small quantity of fluid remains in the bag (to avoid air insertion). Then the nozzle is removed gently and the patient is allowed to lie down on supine position till he feels urge to excrete. The Basti dravya along with faeces normally comes out within 10 minutes when a full dose of Niruha Basti is given. The maximum time specified for retention of Bastidravya is 48 minutes. After evacuation of the bowel, the patient may take hot water bath and semi solid diet. Usually Niruha Bastis are not to be given alone. Wherever required, Niruha Basti must be given alternatively with Snehabasti. Arrangement of SnehaBastis in the beginning, Niruha Bastis and SnehaBastis alternatively later followed by SnehaBastis in the last is done in three specific patterns according to total number of bastis, the severity of disease and condition of the patient etc.
👉🏻These are known as:
Karmabasti - 30 in number (12 Niruha, 18 Anuvasana)
Kalabasti - 16 in number (6 Niruha, 10 Anuvasana)
Yogabasti -8 in number (3 Niruha, 5 Anuvasana).
👉🏻Commonly used basti Yogas:
Madhutailika basti
Bala guduchyadi basti
Patolanimbadi basti
Vaitarana basti
👉🏻Indications:
Neurological disorders - Hemiplegia, Paraplegia, Sciatica, parkinson’s disease etc.
Rheumotological disorders - Gout, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Lumbago, Osteo Arthritis, Myalgia etc.
Digestive disorders
Chronic Fever
Secondary Amenorrhea, etc.
👉🏻Contraindications:
Urakshata (Chest Injuries)
Krisha (Emaciated body)
Amatisara (Diarrhoea with mucus)
Chhardi (Vomiting)
Kasa (Cough)
Swasa (Asthma)
Madhumeha (Diabetes)
Arsha (Piles)
Shoona Payu (Inflammed Anus)
Kritahara (Immediately after taking food)
Udakodara (Ascitis)
Garbhini (Pregnant woman)
👉🏻SNEHA BASTI (OIL ENEMA):
Administration of medicated oil through anal /genitourinary route is called Sneha basti.The dosage through anal route may vary from 100 ml to 250 ml according to the Doshika predominance, disease condition / patient’s condition etc. The usual time of administration is after noon immediately after lunch.
👉🏻Procedure:
After Abhyanga and Swedana, the patient is advised to lie down in left lateral position. The bastidravya (Sneha) is administered in similar manner as Niruha basti. As it is a retention enema, the contents should be allowed to retain inside for a minimum period of three hours and all efforts are to be done for the same. It is not harmful even though it is retained for one day.
👉🏻Indications:
Neurological & Arthritic conditions - Katishoola (backaches), Gridhrasi (Sciatica) and other Vata vyadhis
Jeerna Jwara (chronic fevers)
👉🏻Contraindications:
Arsha (Piles)
Bhagandara (Fistula)
Raktapitta (bleeding disorders)
Navajwara (Acute fever)
Pushpita (menstrual period)
Pandu (Anemia)
Kamla (Jaundice)
Prameha (Diabetes)
Peenasa (Sinusitis)
Sthoola (Obese)
Krimi Koshtha (Worm infestation)
Galganda (Thyroid disorders)
Shlipada (Filariasis)
👉🏻MATRA BASTI:
Matra basti is the method of administration of medicated oil in small dose, which can be given daily and is totally harm less. It is a type of Sneha basti and indications are similar to Snehabasti. It can be indicated irrespective of age and no precautionary measures are required. The usual dosage is 60 ml.
👉🏻Indications:
Vyayama (excess physical and mental exertion)
Madyapana (Alcoholism)
Dourbhalya (Debility)
Vataroga (Neurological disorders)
Bala, Vriddha (Children & Elderly persons) etc.
👉🏻Complications during Basti Cikitsa:
The complications of Vasti are dealt in detail in texts (Caraka Samhita Siddhi Sthana)There are:
Doshas (defects) of Netra (nozzle) – 8 types
Doshas of basti - 8 types
Doshas of bastidata (technician) – 10 types
Snehabasti vyapat – 6 types
These may result into various symptoms related with:
-Local anal injury
-GIT symptoms like pain abdomen, vomiting etc.
-Generalized symptoms like murchha, angamarda etc. Management is done accordingly.
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